Analysts have not addressed the ethnic-social division in modern Pakistan.
(Actually, increasing number of leaders have been from non-Sindh, non-Punjab gorups.)
The overwhelming majority of industry, agriculture and commerce lies in the two eastern provinces adjacent to India, Punjab and Sindh. The Indus River and the river valley forms a western border for these two provinces. Here is a link to a 2004 online academic paper on Pakistan's political shakiness and social division, Hussain Haqqani, "The Role of Islam in Pakistan's future," "The Washington Quarterly," 28:1, Winter 2004-2005, 85-96: http://www.twq.com/05winter/docs/05winter_haqqani.pdf
In a larger context, Pakistan suffers from low development in social infrastructure, in contrast to its neighbor to the east. Namely, in the period from 1947 and [2000?] India tackled literacy. Literacy is 35% in Pakistan and 67% in India.
In a historical context, the rootedness of the cultures in the regions west of Punjab and Sindh to Pakistan is not as strong. Numerous maps from the 1600s to the 1800s indicate that the western regions were under the control of Afghanistan, Iran (nee Persia), an independent Baluchistan, or http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalat_(princely_state) in Baluchistan. Reference to ethnic maps.
Terrible fate from British acquisition of western territories. Most of the alienated provinces came after Britain's earlier 1850s acquisitions: Balouchistan, acquired 1876; Northwest tribal provinces (capture finalized in Durand line, 1893. (Durand Line of 1893.) These areas remained for centuries OUTSIDE of the Indian/ South Asian politaical tradition. The Kasmir princely state sidd withBrits in 1857 rebellion theres after went w Brit rule. (see keay maps.)
"That was but a prelude; where they burn books, they will ultimately burn people also."
Apocrophal words of Heinrich Heine (1821) for the 20th, 21st century
On the occasion of the trashing of the Occupy Wall Street Library: "Das war ein Vorspiel nur, dort wo man Bücher verbrennt, verbrennt man auch am Ende Menschen." ("That was but a prelude; where they burn books, they will ultimately burn people also.")
Videographer Scott Campbell Describes Oakland PD Firing Rubber Bullets at Him
Judge Nelson Rejects Arrests of Occupy Nashville Protestors, This Defends Free Speech
Oakland Police Fire Light Grenade at Protestors Aiding Fallen Protestor
Occupy Wall Street - NYPD Gone Wild - Attacking Protesters With Motor Bikes
No comments:
Post a Comment